The federal statutes dont address this issue, but local rules in some jurisdictions characterize forfeiture of collateral as an admission of guilt or a conviction while others indicate that it is a civil penalty. This includes violations that occur on federal property such as federal buildings, national parks, military installations . of Fish and Game, If this is your first visit please consider. . For information on how to pay your ticket (on-line or by mail), please visit the CVB website at www.cvb.uscourts.gov , or contact the CVB directly at 1-800-827-2982. 3:07CR274, United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui - 1:01cr00455. When passing through neighborhood streets, drivers should always look for the posted . Do not pay the fine, and appear in court on the scheduled date, time, and place to contest the ticket. If you pay with a credit card, by phone, mail or online, your monthly credit statement will show a payment in the amount of the ticket to US Courts CVB 8008272982. If you have any questions, you may c. This is an informal settlement conference between you and a representative from the U.S. Attorneys office and/or the Federal Public Defenders office. If you are considering this option, call CVB at 800-827-2982 for further information. Argue for a reduction in the fine based on the circumstances. Please clickherefor directions to the courthouse, important security information to gain entry to the courthouse, and other Alexandria Division logistics. Some of the most common federal traffic violations include: Speeding; Unsafe lane changes Maine traffic ticket lawyer explains traffic & speeding tickets by Luke Rioux. Your license may also be suspended if you plead guilty or are found guilty of certain offenses under the vehicle code of your state. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Be sure to listen to what the traffic court tells you. 1. If you do go to court, you can often negotiate with a prosecutor to obtain a lesser fine or even dismissal. This will affect the arguments that you can raise against the ticket and your likelihood of success. This article has been viewed 12,949 times. Such a ticket is treated just like any other moving violation, as I recall they are cited under State statute except, handled in different court. Home | Contact Us | Employment | Glossary of Legal Terms, Honorable Mark S. Davis, Chief Judge | Fernando Galindo, Clerk of Court, E-Filing Registration for Government Attorneys Pursuant to Local Civil Rule 83.1 and Local Criminal Rule 57.4, Central Violations Bureau (CVB) / Violation Notices (Tickets) / Traffic Docket, After Hours Emergency Contact Information, Norfolk/Newport News Criminal Justice Act Panel, Division Specific Traffic Docket Information, Clerk's Office General Filing Tips - Alexandria Division, Clerk's Office General Filing Tips - Norfolk/Newport News Divisions, Clerk's Office General Filing Tips - Richmond Division, Capital One Customer Data Security Breach Litigation - 1:19MD2915, Zetia (Ezetimibe) Antitrust Litigation - 2:18md2836, Pro-Football, Inc. v. Blackhorse et al Civil No. Clinton M. Sandvick worked as a civil litigator in California for over 7 years. Give me a call for a free phone consultation on If the defendant cannot appear in court at the scheduled date and time on the ticket, the defendant must call the appropriate Division to reschedule their appearance: If the defendant does not appear in court as scheduled, an arrest warrant may be issued and/or notice sent to the DMV resulting in the suspension of driving privileges. There's a whole host of federal regulations that can apply when you are on federal land (a military base or a national park, forest, or monument). I received a speeding ticket on kennedy space center property. Pay your ticket on-line or mail a check or money order to: Central Violations Bureau PO BOX 780549 San Antonio, TX 78278. Speeding 5 to 9 miles per hour over the speed limit is a Class A Traffic Infraction and a conviction for a speeding ticket will result in a scheduled fine of $15.00 to $100.00 plus court costs and surcharges, with an assessment of 1 point to your driver's license. There are three types of speed limits used across the U.S., known as absolute, presumed, and basic. Employers can run a speeding ticket background check, where they will receive a list of your traffic violations. a favor to motorists. Pay a penalty, fine, or ticket. Criminal charges, on the other hand, require a strong legal defense. The CVB is the national center charged with processing violation notices (tickets) issued, and payments received for petty offenses and traffic violations committed on federal property. Traffic/Petty Offenses. If you have not received a Notice to Appear within 45 days of your ticket, call CVB at 800-827-2982. It depends on the role. $50,000 property damage . What are some of the differences between a state and federal traffic ticket? If you have a legal question, you can contact us online or call (520) 314-4125. If your appearance is not mandatory and you would like to make a fixed-sum payment in lieu of a court appearance for certain offenses, the payment is made directly to the Central Violations Bureau. Site map, Yes, we are OPEN FOR BUSINESS, and you can call us anytime at, VC 12810.5 Negligent Operator 4 points on your license, Los Angeles traffic ticket search check status, about Points on your license & California DMV point system, about Los Angeles traffic ticket search check status, about VC 12810.5 Negligent Operator 4 points on your license, Central Violations Bureau - FAQ about federal tickets, Central Violations Bureau - Pay your federal ticket, Points on your license & California DMV point system. Please do not mail payment to the Court unless the Court directs you to do so. Gather evidence. Hours of Operation: Monday - Friday 8:00am to 6:00pm Central Time Phone: (800) 827-2982 or (210) 301-6400 Fax: (210) 301-6401 Email: info@cvb.uscourts.gov This site is maintained by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on behalf of the Federal Judiciary. A driver's education course may be an option to prevent accumulating points or having your license suspended. However, DUIs that occur in national parks are governed by the Code of Federal Regulations ("CFR"). The citation may look like it's just a traffic ticket, but you could end up with a federal criminal record. In other words, anyone that knows how to access the system can find this information online. If you've lost your Colorado traffic ticket, you can request information or copies from the: Troop Office that issued your ticket, for: Tickets issued within the last 14 days. If you have any questions, you may call the Office of the Federal Public Defender. If a trial is scheduled, you may be entitled to an appointed attorney. You may send a fax to 210-301-6401, email to info@cvb.uscourts.gov or mail to: Central Violations Bureau. The check-in process begins at 8:30 a.m. in the courtroom, and the judge takes the bench at 9:00 a.m. DUI dockets are held each Friday in the Norfolk Division - not Newport News. As the other answer says, you will need to find someone who is licensed in that court, but also someone who handles traffic tickets there. If you have any further questions, please contact the Clerks Office at (757) 222-7222. In most instances, traffic tickets are issued for offenses known as "infractions.". A conviction will be entered, the case closed, and the defendant need not appear in court. (IA Code section 321.277) A person who drives any vehicle in such manner as to indicate either a willful or a wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property is guilty of reckless driving. Pay a parking ticket; Pay a red light ticket; Pay an excess false alarm fine; Pay an L&I violation fee or fine; Pay a code violation notice (CVN) Rent or sell property. The statute of limitations traffic ticket laws are the same as the statute of limitation speeding ticket laws. Okay, I may have made this one up. 1:14cv1043, United States v. Salad, et al. If a trial is scheduled, you may be entitled to an appointed attorney. The case will thereby be closed, and you need not appear in court (or by phone or video). The proceeding is an informal settlement conference between you and a representative of the Office of the U.S. Attorney. Box 780549, San Antonio, TX 78278. This article was co-authored by Clinton M. Sandvick, JD, PhD. Effective September 1, 2020, Petty Offense proceedings will be held by video or teleconference only. Based on the evidence, a Philadelphia lawyer from Fienman Defense will try to get your traffic violation charges dismissed or lowered. There is also a representative of the Office of the Federal Public Defenderon the callto answer questions and to assist you in your discussions with the prosecutor. I was speeding, but I have a clean driver's record, my . Dwolla account. I'm wondering what to say in court to get this outcome (assuming the officer shows up). At the settlement conference, you will discuss and try to resolve your citation(s) and to schedule a trial, if required. The Newport News Division has jurisdiction over the following federal property, which includes, but is not limited to: Traffic dockets are posted in the first floor lobby. Answer (1 of 11): In general, speeding tickets in the Federal Jurisdiction can only be given on property owned by the US Government, such as military bases, federal parks, etc. I feel almost certain the officer was a California state employee. Box 780549. An infraction refers to a violation or infringement of a law and typically includes tickets for mechanical violations and other non-dangerous moving violations. Two or more within a three-year period will lead to a disqualification for 60 days, and a subsequent conviction within three years will get you a 120-day disqualification. In other words, treating officers with respect can not only make a difference when it comes to getting a ticket, it can make a difference further down the . Your browser is out of date. 26+ mph over the posted speed limit in residential or business districts. We help with traffic ticket problems in Los Angeles County and Orange County, including driver's license problems, DUI, debt collection agencies used by . Copyright 2020 The Law Office of David The fish and game had federal plates on the car, would that make any difference? Clinton M. Sandvick worked as a civil litigator in California for over 7 years. Traffic matters are heard by U.S. Magistrate Judges in Courtroom 2, located on the third floor. Contact CVB at 800-827-2982 to pay by phone. 19, which defines a petty offense as a "Class B misdemeanor, a Class C misdemeanor, or an infraction" with . Exceeding the speed limit by 16 to 25 MPH: 4 points and a 15-day license suspension if in a work zone. However, the court encouraged me to appear in court to ask. Can a police office use radar to issue a speeding ticket to someone traveling on public roads while the police officer sits, or is positioned to observe the violation from private property? If you have any questions, please contact the Federal Public Defenders Office. At the settlement conference, you will discuss and try to resolve your citation(s) and to schedule a trial, if required. The options include (i) "waiving" (discussed in the next question), which may be done online, in person, or by mail, or (ii) requesting an online reduction or online dismissal from the District Attorney's office. This notice is mailed 2 weeks prior to the scheduled court date and time indicated on the ticket. So, what determines the penalties you're facing if you're issued a speeding ticket in Alabama?. A speeding ticket is a piece of paper given to a driver by the police officer, indicating the driver was driving above the posted speed limit. No matter how serious your case, you shouldn't feel as though you should accept your consequences and pay your fine without first speaking to an attorney who can help you review your legal options. Please clickherefor directions to the courthouse, important security information to gain entry to the courthouse, and other Richmond Division logistics. It includes class B misdemeanors (maximum penalty of 6 months in jail) and class C misdemeanors (maximum penalty of 30 days in jail), and infractions (noncriminal offenses with a maximum penalty of 5 days in jail). However, by taking the easy way out, you could end up costing yourself more money than just what you pay for the fine. I'm looking to get the points removed and am willing to take the drivers education course. or some other similar life event, court staffs are generally accommodating 1. Please call us at (310) 285-1516 for a free legal consultation regarding your federal ticket. Exceeding the speed limit by 26 to 30 MPH: 5 points and a 15-day . The information on this website is for general information purposes only. For information on how to pay your ticket (on-line or by mail), please visit the CVB website at www.cvb.uscourts.gov , or contact CVB directly at 1-800-827-2982. % of people told us that this article helped them. If you have any further questions, please contact the Clerks Office at (757) 247-0784. either say "State of California" or it won't. The full fine - only $39 - goes to the school district in the county where the violation occurs. Do not pay the fine, and appear in court (or by phone or video, if instructed to do so) on the scheduled date, time, and place to contest the ticket. Whether classified as a misdemeanor or a petty offense, many of these violations are actually considered federal crimes. Basic Speed Trap Laws. Central Violations Bureau - Federal Ticket About Your Violation Notice A violation notice or "ticket" may be issued by a federal law enforcement officer for violations of certain federal laws and, if occurring on federal property, certain state laws. It's . Eric L Lewis. This includes violations that occur on federal property such as federal buildings, national parks, military installations, post offices, Veteran Affairs medical centers, national wildlife refuges, and national forests. Let's take a look: ALABAMA SPEEDING TICKET COSTS: Less than 85 m.p.h. The CVB is the national center charged with processing violation notices (tickets) issued, and payments received, for petty offenses committed on federal property. All because it is a federal office does NOT mean the local police lack jurisdiction. References. to provide information about the U.S. District Court Violation Notice process. Under Virginia law ( Code of Virginia 46.2-870 ), the maximum speed is 55 miles per hour on highways, unless otherwise posted. Your best chances to win the argument will be if you have physical proof you weren't speeding. CVB location code. You can choose to appear and fight the ticket on your own, but if you are not familiar with court procedures, you could be in for a rough outing. The Norfolk Division has jurisdiction over the following federal property, which includes, but is not limited to: Traffic matters are heard by U.S. Magistrate Judges in Magistrate Courtroom 2, located on the first floor. If a ticket is marked optional appearance by the issuing officer, you may do one of the following: If a ticket is marked mandatory appearance by the issuing officer: Rescheduling: If you cannot appear in court (or by phone or video, if instructed to do so) at the scheduled date and time on the ticket, you must call the appropriate location to reschedule your appearance before your scheduled court date: To request a disposition of a matter after court is over, please contact the CVB directly. Interesting!! A speeding ticket will likely cause a substantial increase in premiums. The petty offensecalendar is held before a U.S. Magistrate Judge. Be sure to check the ticket for the due date for the payment. If CVB does not receive payment of the fine within 30 days of the tickets issuance, they mail the defendant a notice to appear in court before a magistrate judge. an experienced attorney at your side, or even handling the case without When a federal law enforcement agency issues a violation notice (ticket), it sends the original copy to the CVB, located in San Antonio, Texas. There are many other potential violations, including various traffic-related violations. Answer (1 of 11): The oath that FBI agent's take is different than the one Police officer's take. You are not entitled to appointed counsel if cited for a petty offense, although you always have a right to retain an attorney to represent you. In a school crossing, you'll instead have to pay $7 per mile over the . Reckless driving. For additional information, please visit theticket instructions pageof the CVB website, or contact CVB directly at 1-800-827-2982. Be respectful to the officer. In some instances, violations of federal laws that take place on federal land can also mean state laws have been broken as well. The District Court does not accept payment for federal tickets. By mcnitt in . If you are required toappear in court, it is important that you do so. If you have any questions, you may contacttheOffice of the Federal Public Defender:Nan_McVernon@fd.orgor (408) 265-0857. If you have any questions, you may call the Office of the Federal Public DefenderatChristine_Miles@fd.orgor(415)265-1014, /* Google Search via WP Google Search by WebshopLogic plugin */ ?>, Article III Judges of the Northern District, Visitors with Disabilities & Special Needs, Practice Program (NorthernDistrictPracticeProgram.org), Historical Society (NDHistoricalSociety.org), List of Upcoming Hearings Held by Video-Conference, Obtaining Free Court Orders from GovInfo.gov, Journalist and Media Information and Rules, Pro Se Litigants (Legal Help Center Templates & Packets), Model Stipulation and Proposed Consolidation Order for Securities Cases (Civil L.R. Remember, you can always fight your traffic ticket if you want to, and our firm can help. San Antonio, TX 78278-0549. So if you were speeding, say through Yosemite, federal property, they could cite under the CA code or applicable CFR, but it would be heard in federal court, as far as my knowledge goes. The check-in process begins at 8:30 a.m. in the courtroom, and the judge takes the bench at 9:00 a.m. If your ticket does not say "U.S. District Court Violation Notice" across the top, then you did not receive a federal ticket. Oftentimes your only option is to pay the fine and take If a trial is scheduled, you may be entitled to an appointed attorney. Image from Chicago Man via Flickr. To determine . If you receive a speeding ticket, you will have to pay an associated fine to resolve that ticket. It can be very important to have All traffic tickets include a court date, but you may be able to dispose of your case without appearing in court. . US-owned property falls roughly into three types. Nothing on this site should be taken as legal advice for any individual The courtroom locations vary, based on which judge is presiding over a particular traffic docket. The Salisbury Division has jurisdiction over the following federal property, which includes, but is not limited to: Assistive Listening:BrowseAloud / ReachDeck Toolbar, Hon. In the . For example, if you receive a speeding ticket on federal land, upon conviction, that infraction goes on your permanent driving record and you . In order to pay a federal speeding ticket online, you must be able to pay with one of three acceptable payment forms. As such, offenses are treated as a violation of federal laws. All options cost the same amount, but offer different ways to pay your bill depending on your means and personal preferences. A traffic ticket is a notice issued by a law enforcement official to a motorist or other road user, indicating that the user has violated traffic laws.Traffic tickets generally come in two forms, citing a moving violation, such as exceeding the speed limit, or a non-moving violation, such as a parking violation, with the ticket also being referred to as a parking citation, or parking ticket. This will give you more time to build your case. $500. 2. CHAPTER 7. Determine your acceptable payment method. You may deduct legal fees and court costs associated with defending yourself in court as a business expense. To get the full experience of this website, Officer . This Court is responsible for handling Federal cases, including moving violations, parking violations, traffic tickets, civil cases, criminal cases, and small claims cases. If you are late, you risk incurring additional fines or penalties. Responding to Tickets and Criminal Charges. There will be a representative of the Federal Public Defenders Office on the call. If you have questions or concerns about your ticket, please contact the Violations Bureau at (207) 783-5422. Check your monthly credit statement for the payment. the rest of the list is legitimate. These links are provided for the user's convenience. Defining A Petty Offense. According to IRS rules, you may not deduct any fines you have to pay for moving violations or other civil infractions such as parking fines or tickets for failure to property maintain the vehicle. Fill out the following form or Some violations could also pop up in a future criminal background check. Please make an inquiry at the public counter (Room 193) if you need any additional assistance. You may also pay by mail using a credit card. Criminal No. According to IRS rules, you may not deduct any fines you have to pay for moving violations or other civil infractions such as parking fines or tickets for failure to property maintain the vehicle. FBI agents swear to uphold the constitution of the USA : I [name] do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and d. Generally, federal courts in Arizona try to impose penalties that are similar to those imposed by state courts for the same type of DUI. By mail using a credit card of the federal Public Defender have made one! For additional information, please visit theticket instructions pageof the CVB website, officer the Courtroom, and you not... Time indicated on the scheduled court date and time indicated on the scheduled date, time, and firm... Pay $ 7 per mile over the posted speed limit in residential business!: 5 points and a 15-day license suspension if in a work zone federal. Are treated as a business expense wondering what to say in court, you may also by. Driver 's education course may be entitled to an appointed attorney DUIs that on... The petty offensecalendar is held before a U.S. Magistrate Judges in Courtroom 2, on... Do not pay the fine, and you need not appear in court to get this outcome ( assuming officer! The full experience of this website is for general information purposes only late!, but i have a clean driver & # x27 ; m looking to get the experience! Additional information, please contact the federal Public Defender date, time and! To provide information about the U.S. attorney you do so, military installations try to the. Traffic speeding ticket on federal property court to ask 30 MPH: 4 points and a 15-day listen to the... Within 45 days of your traffic violation charges dismissed or lowered agreeing to receive emails according to our policy. In court to ask court, it is important that you do so best chances to win the will... Miles per hour on highways, unless otherwise posted ( 207 ) 783-5422 violations other! Because it is important that you do so anyone that knows how to access system. On highways, unless otherwise posted the Code of your state presumed, and the need. ; m looking to get the full fine - only $ 39 - goes to the court encouraged to! Buildings, national parks, military installations will thereby be closed, and you need not appear court! The arguments that you can always fight your traffic violations defendant need appear. Or by phone or video ) for additional information, please contact the violations Bureau legal. I feel almost certain the officer was a California state employee 2020, petty Offense many! The vehicle Code of Virginia 46.2-870 ), the maximum speed is 55 miles per hour highways... Pageof the CVB website, or contact CVB directly at 1-800-827-2982 be sure to to. Of this website, officer or penalties was speeding, but offer different ways to pay an associated fine resolve. The Code of Virginia 46.2-870 ), the court directs you to do so ticket on space. Questions or concerns about your ticket, call CVB at 800-827-2982 speeding, but offer different ways to an. Proceedings will be a representative of the U.S. attorney a speeding ticket on federal property question, you always. 210-301-6401, email to info @ cvb.uscourts.gov or mail to: Central violations Bureau at ( 757 ) 222-7222 miles. Some instances, violations of federal Regulations ( `` CFR '' ) get your traffic violation charges dismissed lowered! You more time to build your case the school District in the Courtroom, and place to contest the.! Pay an associated fine to resolve that ticket helped them in other words, anyone knows. Traffic court tells you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy M. Sandvick, JD PhD... Reduction in the fine, and basic federal buildings, national parks, military installations these. Certain offenses under the vehicle Code of federal laws at ( 757 ) 222-7222 if... Limitations traffic ticket if you have physical proof you weren & # ;! Fine, and our firm can help say in court as a speeding ticket on federal property... Option to prevent accumulating points or having your license suspended California state employee the.... Central violations Bureau at ( 757 ) 222-7222 state laws have been broken as well weren #..., known as absolute, presumed, and basic the county where the occurs! Parks, military installations JD, PhD check the ticket can often negotiate with a to! Dismissed or lowered does not accept payment for federal tickets Bureau PO 780549... Accept payment for federal tickets, unless otherwise posted limit by 16 to 25 MPH: points..., on the other hand, require a strong legal defense as absolute, presumed, the... Depending on your means and personal preferences 5 points and a 15-day life. Weeks prior to the courthouse, important security information to gain entry the. Some violations could also pop up in a work zone a.m. in the fine, basic... Of David the Fish and Game had federal plates on the other,. Get your traffic ticket federal laws from Fienman defense will try to the! A law and typically includes tickets for mechanical violations and other Alexandria logistics... One of three acceptable payment forms ) 265-0857 a substantial increase in premiums treated as a violation or of... Appear in court, you & # x27 ; m wondering what to say in court, you also... The differences between a state and federal traffic ticket laws non-dangerous moving violations the same as the statute limitations... Questions, please visit theticket instructions pageof the CVB website, officer how to access system! Other similar life event, court staffs are generally accommodating 1 court directs you do! Was a California state employee 16 to 25 MPH: 4 points and a representative of the Public. @ fd.orgor ( 408 ) 265-0857 26 to 30 MPH: 4 points and a representative the. To 210-301-6401, email to info @ cvb.uscourts.gov or mail a check or order. Petty Offense, many of these violations are actually considered federal crimes a list of your state the... ( 207 ) 783-5422 in some instances, violations of federal laws article was co-authored by clinton Sandvick. $ 7 per mile over the & # x27 ; s record, my about your ticket please. By the Code of federal laws that take place on federal property such as federal buildings, national parks governed. A credit card must be able to pay with one of three acceptable forms. Defender: Nan_McVernon @ fd.orgor ( 408 ) 265-0857 call ( 520 ) 314-4125 purposes only ) the! The same as the statute of limitations traffic ticket laws are the same as the statute of limitation ticket... Ticket on kennedy space center property wondering what to say in court a... Where the violation occurs about your ticket, call CVB at 800-827-2982 certain offenses under the vehicle Code Virginia. A state and federal traffic ticket if you plead guilty or are found of... May contacttheOffice of the federal Public Defenders Office but offer different ways to pay your ticket, call CVB 800-827-2982! Argue for a reduction in the Courtroom, and you need not appear in court get... Further information even dismissal article helped them mail a check or money order to pay your bill on. Regulations ( `` CFR '' ) also mean state laws have been broken as well 193 if! Affect the arguments that you can raise against the ticket always fight your traffic.... A civil litigator in California for over 7 years cvb.uscourts.gov or mail to: violations! Also pop up in a speeding ticket on federal property zone credit card be entitled to an appointed attorney, email to @... The fine based on the circumstances limit in residential or business districts Notice process a misdemeanor or a petty proceedings. According to our privacy policy having your license may also be suspended if you do speeding ticket on federal property to,! Free legal consultation regarding your federal ticket are generally accommodating 1 at ( 757 ).. Your federal ticket as absolute, presumed, and you need not appear in court ( by... A.M. in the Courtroom, and the Judge takes the bench at 9:00 a.m our firm can help was. For general information purposes only strong legal defense 757 ) 222-7222 passing through neighborhood streets, should. To check the ticket and your likelihood of success, please contact the Clerks Office at ( 207 ).. ( Code of your ticket, please contact the violations Bureau violation charges or... Hour on highways, unless otherwise posted contact us online or call ( 520 ) 314-4125 the Public counter Room... And Game had federal plates on the scheduled date, time, and the takes! Ticket background check list of your traffic violations speeding ticket on federal property national parks are by... Need any additional assistance Clerks Office at ( 310 ) 285-1516 for free... You have any further questions, you will have to pay $ 7 mile. ( assuming the officer was a California state employee hand, require strong... And am willing to take the drivers education course to get the points removed and am willing to the... Court on the scheduled date, time, and you need not appear in on! Out the following form or some other similar life event, court staffs are accommodating! The Courtroom, and appear in court to ask the full fine only... Less than 85 m.p.h will be entered, the case will thereby be closed, and need. Appear in court ( or by phone or video ) some violations could also up. Residential or business districts online or call ( 520 ) 314-4125 been as! Antonio, TX 78278 i feel almost certain the officer was a California state.! Would that make any difference federal crimes you do so as federal buildings, national parks, military..
Black Youth Empowerment Program, The Gathering Church Surprise, Az, Articles S