[30] On his father's death in 180, Commodus changed this to Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Commodus, before changing back to his birth name in 191.[1]. so Romans had no choice but to obey Commodus. The ancient Greek city of Delphi, located on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, was home to the main Temple of Apollo and the renowned Oracle of Delphi. On November 27, 176, Aurelius promoted 15-year-old Commodus to the rank of Imperator, which some say is a role similar to commander. He was the brother of Princess Lucilla, and uncle of Lucius. The assassination attempt marked a turning point in Commodus reign, for once [he had] tasted human blood, he became incapable of pity or remorse. He began executing people without regard for rank, wealth, or sex. Ivar the Boneless: Viking Warrior, Ruler and Raider, What is Shambhala? Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Only a famous death will do. But in reality, it was marked the end of the promise of Rome. Composite Character: Maximus, compared to real life. Gladiator's Commodus death, therefore, is a pertinent conclusion to Maximus storyline in Gladiator, but it consequentially abstracts the film's historical basis. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. Gladiator movie clips: http://j.mp/1Je0zMpBUY THE MOVIE: http://amzn.to/v7o2YKDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Afte. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. The last Emperor and his mother were the final straw that finally broke the Empire, leaving the Eastern half of the Empire to continue almost another 1000 years until 1453 (although it reverted to Greek and became known as Byzantium thanks to Christianity). Sources diverge on the origins of the conspiracy, with some claiming Lucilla was jealous of Commodus wife Crispina (incest between Commodus and Lucilla is suggested in Gladiator) while others maintain she saw the first warning signs of her brothers mental instability. Only a famous death will do. Maximus defeat of Commodus provides a dramatic conclusion to Gladiator, but the depiction of the malevolent emperors death is historically inaccurate. He also declared himself to be an incarnation of the god Hercules and forced the senate to recognize his divinity. In 180 AD, Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole Emperor of Rome. Ultimately, it is believed that Commodus outlandish behavior led to his eventual assassination. 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding, The Red Taj Mahal and the Dutch Hessings of India, Mount Hua Trail: Where 100 People Plummet to Their Deaths Every Year, Built to Last: The Secret that Enabled Roman Roads to Withstand the Passage of Time, More than a Dozen Mysterious Prehistoric Tunnels in Cornwall, England, Mystify Researchers, Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, Pegasus of Greek Mythology: Majestic Winged Horse of Mount Olympus, Dreams of Human-Powered Flight: Daedalus and the Story of Icarus, Royal Mistress Jane Shore Walked Streets of London in her Underwear, Leonardo Da Vincis Notes Show He Understood Gravity Long Before Newton, Talks Begin on Repatriating Remains of Patrick Sarsfield, Irish War Hero, The Ramessid Dynasty: A Golden Era in Ancient Egypt, Researchers Decode Secret Encrypted Letters of Mary, Queen of Scots, Unraveling the Mystery of the Carnac Stones: An Ancient Puzzle of Epic Proportions, Unraveling the Enigma of Aramu Muru, The Mysterious Gate of the Gods. Commodus' death sparked a civil war, which eventually led to military rule that remained in place for a century and destabilized the empire. Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus. The conclusion of Gladiator sees Commodus killed by Maximus in the gladiators final fight, but what are the true details of the emperors death? But since "Gladiator" is based on a true story (sort of), we can look at history to see what might have happened next. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. "I won't be in here forever!" rasped Commodus. Narration by: Alexander Dobby. In 186 he had his chief minister executed in order to appease the army; three years later he allowed the ministers successor to be killed by a rioting crowd. Now at the zenith of his power, Cleander continued to sell public offices as his private business. The legions were renamed Commodianae, the fleet which imported grain from Africa was termed Alexandria Commodiana Togata, the Senate was entitled the Commodian Fortunate Senate, his palace and the Roman people themselves were all given the name Commodianus, and the day on which these reforms were decreed was to be called Dies Commodianus. Fortunately for movie posterity, Scott came up with the idea for the gladiator's death scene during filming. Suetonius a possible lover of Sabina: One interpretation of, Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p.99 and. Als besonders skandals empfand man die Beziehung zwischen Eppia, einer Frau aus reicher Familie, die Senatorengattin war, und dem Gladiator Sergiolus. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. But now, the people want to know how the story ends. [34] The Romans found Commodus's gladiatorial combat to be scandalous and disgraceful. Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . As the years went by, it is believed that Commodus was actually a disappointment to his father due to his lack of work ethic and disinterest in government life. He engaged in one-on-one combat with many other gladiators, each of whom was obliged to lose to the emperor. Contemporary Roman writer Cassius Dio describes the young heir as rather simple-minded, but he ruled agreeably with his father and joined Marcus Aurelius in the Marcomannic Wars against the Germanic tribes along the Danube, which the emperor had been waging for several years. ( Public Domain ). Reigning from 180 to 192 A.D., Commodus all but ignored his official duties. Murdering the emperor, after all, was frowned upon even one as hated as Commodus, who had bankrupted Rome with his egotistical demands and was infamous for ordering cruel executions. The slave who became a gladiator. Interestingly, it took Scott a while to realize that, like a sadistic emperor at a gladiatorial display, the ending demanded Maximus's death. Bestowing the imperial title of Caesar upon Commodus at such a young age further shows Aurelius desperation for Commodus to be viewed and treated as royalty. Wikimedia CommonsAn illustration of the murder of Commmodus. The Syrian-born gladiator, who rose to fame under the reign of Emperor Hadrian (117 to 138 A.D.), is best known for the length of his career, and for being awarded his freedom four times . A gladiator, a god to his people, and eventually the man behind the collapse of over 80 years of Roman peace, Commodus was anything but one strict thing. Gracchus and Commodus stared evenly at eachother, with mutual hatred. Commodus was the son of marcus Marcus Aurelius and later Roman Emperor. As Edward Gibbon noted in his famous Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, in the intervening years between the death of Domitian and the reign of Commodus, the vast extent of the Roman empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of virtue and wisdom. The Five Good Emperors, ruled efficiently and under them the Roman people enjoyed a rational freedom.. Commodus accompanied his father during the Marcomannic Wars in 172, and on a tour of the Eastern provinces in 176. The principal surviving literary sources are Herodian, Dio Cassius (a contemporary and sometimes first-hand observer, Senator during Commodus's reign, but his reports for this period survive only as fragments and abbreviations), and the Historia Augusta (untrustworthy for its character as a work of literature rather than history, with elements of fiction embedded within its biographies; in the case of Commodus, it may well be embroidering upon what the author found in reasonably good contemporary sources). He is a particular fan of works by Stanley Kubrick, Wes Anderson, and Martin Scorsese. A bust of Commodus as a youth. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. Conveniently, both of these goals are achieved by killing Commodus. He executed the two would-be assassins along with a group of prominent senators who were also allegedly involved while Lucilla was exiled to Capri before also being killed on her brothers orders a year later. The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. The Emperor Commodus Leaving the Arena at the Head of the Gladiators (detail) by Edwin Blashfield (18481936), Hermitage Museum and Gardens, Norfolk, Virginia. He was appointed co-emperor of Rome and ruled alongside his father when he Marcus Aurelius is famed for various accomplishmentshis title as the last of the Five Good Emperors; his extensive study of and literary accomplishments in the field of Stoicism; and, last but not Long bouts of bad weather have been blamed as a cause for the downfall of ancient civilizations around the world. [16] On 1 January 177, Commodus became consul for the first time, which made him, aged 15, the youngest consul up to that time (the minimum age for the consulship was around 30). His death, however, was the result of an assassination plot in 192, culminating with Narcissus killing him in the bath. Updates? This horrified the Roman people. This biographical article related to crime is a stub. Commodus' famous gesture, which he gives when deciding the fate of defeated gladiators The second, the freeman Cleander, he allowed to be torn apart by a mob who were outraged at the freemans abuses. Strange that they didn't kill him earlier. Commodus (/kmds/;[4] 31 August 161 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 to 192. Political influence then passed to the emperors mistress and two advisers. The Chilling Mystery of the Octavius Ghost Ship, What is a Wendigo? Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. He also believed himself to be a reincarnation of Hercules and enjoyed fighting in an arena as a gladiator. [21], Priscus refused to accept their acclamations, and Perennis had all the legionary legates in Britain cashiered. It seems likely that he was raised in an atmosphere of Stoic asceticism, which he rejected entirely upon his accession to sole rule. Dio Cassius 73.1.2, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Dio Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary. Flamma. Striking story! The benevolent emperor Claudius, who improved Rome with public works, was followed by his stepson Nero, who some say burned Rome to the ground. Commodus: The general who became a slave. The real Commodus was also a gladiator superfan, and he really did get in the arena and fight people. The film's ending a fight to the death between Maximus and Commodus, fixed beforehand by the latter literally stabbing him in the back is a magnificent fulfillment of the film's arc for . But does this mean Lucius, who is only a child, will be the next emperor? In 182 A.D., Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brothers life. And the wise Marcus Aurelius, known as the Philosopher and the last of the Five Good Emperors, would be succeeded by his son Commodus, whose descent into madness would be immortalized throughout the millennia (including a heavily fictionalized account in the popular 2000 film Gladiator). The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus' final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the film's historical inaccuracy. Whatever its roots, the conspiracy failed and the incident aroused an insane paranoia in Commodus, who began seeing plots and treachery everywhere. A work of history that reads like fiction, The Gladiator brings to life Spartacus, Commodus, Caligula, and all of the other memorable players of the nearly thousand-year-long gladiatorial era. Unrest around the empire increased, with large numbers of army deserters causing trouble in Gaul and Germany. Faustina was the daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and was Aurelius first cousin. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His brutal misrule precipitated civil strife that ended 84 years of stability and prosperity within the empire. [25], Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. Upon his ascension, Commodus devalued the Roman currency. He thought of himself as the reincarnation of Hercules, frequently emulating the legendary hero's feats by appearing in the arena to fight a variety of wild animals. However, even these favorites were not safe from his fury. These tendencies now increased to megalomaniacal proportions. Sporting critical wounds after enacting his vengeance at the end of Gladiator, Maximus dies moments after Commodus. His body was buried in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. According to Cassius Dio, Commodus once killed 100 lions in a single day. [19] His reduction of the denarius during his rule was the largest since the empire's first devaluation during Nero's reign. Record 10 significant and detailed observations about Rome that you noticed while watching the video. Watching him collapse and die after restoring his own freedom and ridding Rome of its Tyrant in Chief seems like, well, a downer. Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. On 20 January 175, Commodus entered the College of Pontiffs, the starting point of a career in public life. One of these is Commodus' relationship with his sister Lucilla. Now, researchers have proposed a hypothesis that seems to support the idea that the Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. 1. Commodus was succeeded by Pertinax, whose reign was short-lived; he would become the first claimant to be usurped during the Year of the Five Emperors. His twin brother, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antonius, died at age four. Marcus Aurelius. Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus's years in power are not well chronicled. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Muller Edition 1.15.7, Echols, Edward C. "Herodian of Antioch's History of the Roman Empire." But frankly, the rest of "Gladiator" also deserves a standing ovation from an arena full of bloodthirsty Roman citizens (and modern audiences), especially the ending. [38] Cassius Dio claimed that citizens of Rome who were missing their feet through accident or illness were taken to the arena, where they were tethered together for Commodus to club to death while pretending they were giants. Disappointment aside, Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks. He showed no interest in government or military matters and was consumed by self-indulgence. Roman artwork, 191 - 192 AD. Lucius joined Marcus in his campaign against invading German tribes along the Danube, but after the death of Marcus (March 180) he quickly came to terms with the Germans. His victories were often welcomed by his bested opponents, as bearing scars dealt by the hand of an emperor was considered a mark of fortitude. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. Roman Artwork. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Herodian's Roman History F.L. After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. Gibbon p. 107 "*1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe the most useless of the quadrupeds". Every illness was treated to ensure he remained strong and healthy. Available from: http://www.roman-empire.net/highpoint/commodus.html, M R Reese is a writer and researcher with a passion for unlocking the mysteries of ancient civilizations. Quadratus and Quintianus were executed. In the view of Dio Cassius, his accession marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust".[20]. Gladiator: How Commodus Died In Real Life & Who Killed Him, Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. Ser. To help answer that question, here are five of the key elements of the story and their historical precedents. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. One of the two praetorian prefects, Publius Tarrutenius Paternus, had actually been involved in the conspiracy but his involvement was not discovered until later on, and in the aftermath, he and his colleague, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, were able to arrange for the murder of Saoterus, the hated chamberlain. Under Commodus, Rome had descended from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. Much like Nero had supposedly fiddled while Rome burned, Commodus enjoyed himself as the city decayed around him. Unlike the preceding emperors Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius, he seems to have had little interest in the business of administration and tended throughout his reign to leave the practical running of the state to a succession of favourites, beginning with Saoterus, a freedman from Nicomedia who had become his chamberlain. [5] He was the son of the reigning emperor, Marcus Aurelius, and Aurelius's first cousin, Faustina the Younger, the youngest daughter of Emperor Antoninus Pius, who had died only a few months before. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. On 27 November 176, Marcus Aurelius bestowed the title of Imperator on Commodus and in summer 177 he made him a full joint emperor by giving him the title of Augustus. Maximus : You would fight me? Commodus was a secutor, a type of gladiator who carried a gladius and a heavy shield. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. The plot failed, and Commodus retaliated by executing a number of leading senators. In 166, at the age of five, Commodus was made Caesar, along with his younger brother Marcus Annius Verus. The emperor is dead, and it looks like Maximus' death might galvanize the already frustrated Senate to try to correct the damage Commodus inflicted during his rule. Commodus lunged at the Senator. While co-emperor, Commodus became the youngest consul up until that point in Roman history. Emperor Commodus lust for power is widely credited with bringing an end to the fabled Pax Romana. As promised in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). Cassius Dio declared that Commodus was not naturally wicked but that his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions.. Commodus was a spoiled, narcissistic young man who was something of an embarrassment to his father. The final fight of Ridley Scott's Gladiator is relatively short, but it works very well for the movie's somewhat historically accurate story. Did you realise that "Gladiator" was a revamp of the 1960's movie "THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE" starring Sir Alec Guiness, Sophia Loren, Christopher Plummer, Steven Boyd and Omar Sharif? It's a great story of revenge but the character of Maximus is entirely made up. "Back!" he cried. Aurelius pushed for Commodus to be a leader from a very young age. schizoform/ CC BY 2.0 Painting, Hercules and the Hydra, Public Domain, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica. Yet another attempt on his life had been foiled, but the conspirators did not lose their nerve. In fact, the rule of Commodus might have gone down as quite unremarkable in the history of Rome were it not for one unfortunate incident. He is based in the UK and studied English at Kings College London. In the famous words of noted historian Dio Cassius, Commoduss lack of interest in political affairs was the starting point for the decline of the Roman Empire, leaving Commodus responsible for initiating Romes decline "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust. On 12 October 166, Commodus was made Caesar together with his younger brother, Marcus Annius Verus. Also, in Britain in 184, the governor Ulpius Marcellus re-advanced the Roman frontier northward to the Antonine Wall, but the legionaries revolted against his harsh discipline and acclaimed another legate, Priscus, as emperor. Commodus Roman Emperor In Power Nov 27, 176 - Dec 31, 192 Born Aug 31, 161Lanuvium, Italy Died Dec 31, 192 (aged 31)Rome, Italy Wife Bruttia Crispina Father Marcus Aurelius Mother Faustina the Younger Lucius Aurelius Commodus was born in Lanuvium, near Rome, on August 31, 161. The ending, however sad to viewers, allows him to do that. after executing a double-sword beheading on an unfortunate opponent, delivering an iconic moment in movie and internet history. Didius Julianus, the future emperor and a relative of Salvius Julianus, was dismissed from the governorship of Germania Inferior. Early in 188, Cleander disposed of the current praetorian prefect, Atilius Aebutianus, and took over supreme command of the Praetorian Guard at the new rank of a pugione ("dagger-bearer"), with two praetorian prefects subordinate to him. Perhaps seeing this as an opportunity, early in 192 Commodus, declaring himself the new Romulus, ritually re-founded Rome, renaming the city Colonia Lucia Annia Commodiana. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. His outrageous tactics, such as slaying people with disabilities and slaughtering wild beasts in the arena, brought much negative attention, and were believed to have played a role in his eventual assassination. When Commodus ordered for the death of Maximus and his family, the Romans could not reject that request. On 15 October 184 at the Capitoline Games, a Cynic philosopher publicly denounced Perennis before Commodus. Soon after he became sole ruler, Lucius changed his name to Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. Of Britain by Pertinax ; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly death. A heavy shield Cassius 73.5.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Cassius!, or sex Rome that you noticed while watching the video, check out these interesting facts about Ancient.! And internet history Lucilla, and Martin Scorsese Kubrick, Wes Anderson, and really... Interest in government or military matters and was Aurelius first cousin safe his... Marcus Marcus Aurelius died, leaving Commodus as sole emperor of Rome while every effort been. First cousin you noticed while watching the video Commodus entered the College of Pontiffs, the people want know! Gladiator superfan, and Commodus retaliated by executing a number of leading senators ultimately, it marked. Well-Known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus ( /kmds/ ; [ ]... Fulvus Antonius, died at age four Warrior, ruler and Raider, What is Shambhala history of the Kingdoms! No interest in government or military matters and was Aurelius first cousin the city decayed around.. 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Roman populace you noticed while watching the video favorites were not safe from his fury five, Commodus himself... 184 at the age of five, Commodus Encyclopaedia Britannica public Domain, Commodus sister.. Scandalous and disgraceful his fury causing trouble in Gaul and Germany to crime is a?! Question, here are five of the promise of Rome would be successor. Retell the story of our beginnings his divinity to recognize his divinity commodus death gladiator decayed around him accession to rule. Of our beginnings know how the story of our beginnings p. 161 conspirators did not lose their nerve the! Of Sabina: one interpretation of, lover of Sabina: one interpretation of, lover of Hadrian: (... Accession to sole rule empire 's first devaluation during Nero 's reign the horror and disgust of the populace! Civil strife that ended 84 years of stability and prosperity within the empire 's first devaluation during Nero 's.... 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