There was a feeling in England that a new era had begun. But literacy was their usual weapon, not spells, and many of them picked up enough legal knowledge to fight their corner in civil disputes. Likewise, Henry became understandably angry at the papacys refusal to repudiate Charles. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. 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Margaret Pole. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. Her mother died after giving birth to a fourth child; that brother died ten days after their mother. He sent envoys. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. Because the main executioner[17] had been sent north to deal with rebels, the execution was performed by "a wretched and blundering youth who literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces in the most pitiful manner". She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. However, we should not assume that Mortons politics had any profound impact upon More. But if the great Sir Thomas More believed the king to be wrong? Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535 for his refusal to accept the Acts of Supremacy and the Act of Succession (1534) of Henry VIII of England and swear allegiance to Henry as head of the English Church. Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. This site requires the use of Javascript to provide the best possible experience. And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 - 27 May 1541), was an English peeress.She was the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, and Isabel Neville and was niece of kings Edward IV and Richard III.Margaret was one of two women in 16th-century England to be a peeress in her own right with no titled husband. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. Name: Thomas More. Mores piety was the defining aspect of his character; even as the circumstances of his life changed, it remained constant and unyielding. He was keenly interested in theology, but he was not ordained; he was free to marry if he wished, and propagate a Plantagenet family. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. She was an apt enough pupil to later converse with visitors in Latin. Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, once Chancellor of England and a close royal friend, had both . It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. When historical novelists are looking for ways to empower their heroines they opt for making them hotshot herbalists or minxy witches. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. See me safe up, he told the lieutenant who escorted him, and for my coming down let me shift for myself.. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) The new pretender, Ralph Wilford, was arrested and killed before the conspiracy bred any action. Basically, they disliked and mistrusted one another. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. But he knew what was coming. ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. He was made knight of the Garter, and appointed chamberlain to the young Prince of Wales. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. Lewis, Jone Johnson. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. Please include name, address and a telephone number. It was also due to Henrys deep and unfeigned friendship with More. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. The two men had first met in 1497 and remained close friends until Mores death. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) The Editor (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Margaret would have had a claim to the Earldom of Warwick, but the earldom was forfeited on the attainder of her brother Edward.[4]. When Henry imposed an oath which recognised him as head of the church in England, the countess and her household complied. Perhaps the contrast with the quiet, gentle Jane was too striking. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. It was time to be rid of Warwick. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. Lewis, Jone Johnson. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 It was delivered in manuscript form, but at any time it could be printed and circulated through Europe. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. The feast day of Blessed Margaret Pole is 28 May, and she was beatified 1886 by Pope Leo VIII. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. More would stand trial for his life. Despite widespread belief, even amongst Protestants, that Rich was lying, his statement was enough for a fresh inquiry to begin. Art and science The German artist Hans Holbein the Younger paints King Henry VIII. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. It is only in adversity that Margaret shows herself, in the records of her interrogations, when she was a woman in her sixties, experienced, shrewd, hard to frighten. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. But in the meantime, More had eighteen months of seclusion and study at his home in Chelsea. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. Even as he secretly wore a hair shirt, he openly and consistently fasted, prayed, and maintained a relatively modest household. Managed projects by translating human insights into actionable guidance for skilled teams. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. After she had redeemed her dead brothers lands from the crown, she owned property in Calais, and estates in Wales and 17 English counties. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. He had been shut up for most of his life and, one later chronicler said, could not discern a goose from a capon. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. The Editor ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. Portrait of an unknown woman, often identified as the Countess of Salisbury, DWYER, J. G. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl.". Lewis, Jone Johnson. By 1520, as an indication of the trust placed in her, she had been appointed lady governor to the Princess Mary, born in 1516 and the only child of the royal marriage to survive for more than a few weeks. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. On his accession he granted her an annuity of 100 a year and on 14 Oct 1513 he created her Countess of Salisbury and gave her the family lands of the earldom of Salisbury. Margaret Pole, N B tc ca Salisbury (ting Anh: Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury; 14 thng 8 nm 1473 - 27 thng 5 nm 1541), l mt nh i qu tc Anh quc.B l con gi ca George Plantagenet, Cng tc x Clarence, em trai ca Quc vng Edward IV v anh trai ca Richard III.Margaret l mt trong s t nhng ngi ph . The work was a marvel of learning and wit and wholly original; it was soon translated throughout the Continent and its author hailed as one of the foremost Humanist thinkers. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. Sir Thomas Pole was a member of the aristocracy in England. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). Reginald studied in Italy in 1521 through 1526, financed in part by Henry VIII, then returned and was offered by Henry the choice of several high offices in the church if he would support Henrys divorce from Catherine. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". The sons of Edward IV, 11 and 13 years old, had been held in the Tower by their uncle Richard III, and last been seen by Londoners in the summer of 1483. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. Anne was the anointed queen. They were preventing her marriage to the king. Birth Year: 1478. [26] She and her husband were parents to five children: Her son, Reginald Pole, said that he would "never fear to call himself the son of a martyr". The grave of Anne Boleyn. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. After his marriage to Anne Boleyn and the birth of their daughter, Elizabeth, Mary was sent to join the household of the infant princess. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. London Review of Books When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. It was children who caused him a problem. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? In Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541, Hazel Pierce was unable to corroborate Richard Morisyne's assertion that as a young widow Margaret Pole made her home with the other Bridgettine nuns at Syon abbey.However, the household accounts of Lady Margaret Beaufort (held at St. John's College, Cambridge) reveal that this was indeed the case, recording payments to her from . She answered that no crime had been imputed to her. We do not know. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. Read More. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. As a young man, he seriously contemplated joining the priesthood, only to become one of the most successful politicians of his time. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. He is an English lawyer, eventually promoted to Chancellor and assistant to the King after Wolsey 's death. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. May 28, 2015. Jan 2016 - Mar 20226 years 3 months. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . Henry was able to play peacemaker. Quite the opposite. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Contemporary chroniclers often referred to him as a friend of the poor. She lived one of the more turbulent lives of the 16th century, starting off as the niece of the King, and ending up nearly 70 years later penniless in the Tower, executed by an inexperienced executioner. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. Then, her prayers completed, she faced the incompetent axeman. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. Towards the block I shall not go! And the king was now newly enamored of a young noblewoman called Anne Boleyn. 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