Through provocative speeches in the Cordeliers club, he helped spark the overthrow of the monarchy on August 10th 1792. Georges Jacques Danton was a moving force in the French Revolution that saw France become one of the first countries to vacate the old and decaying institution of monarchy.. Born in 1759, Georges Jacques Danton was, like his contemporary Maximillien Robespierre, born into a family of lawyers.Danton was born at the Northern France town of Arcis-sur-Aube. The proclamation he then caused the Executive Council to adopt bears his stamp: it was a summons to battle. Authors: John Rae, Steve Thompson The following day Danton was appointed minister of justice in the provisional government. Omissions? “Danton is one of the most fascinating personalities of the French Revolution. After attending school in Champagne, Danton was from 1773 educated by the Oratorians at Troyes. Danton was a creator of the tribunals, one of the French Revolution’s best lawyers and probably its best orator. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Sent on a mission to Belgium, Danton took no part in the opening of Louis XVI’s trial in the Convention. He became the leader of the Cordeliers Club, a meeting of people who supported popular sovereignty for France and believed that the monarchy was irreconcilable with notions of freedom for the people. Georges Danton, who came from a respected but not wealthy family, had a background in law before the French Revolution. The French Revolutionbegan in 1789, and went on until the late 1790s. They wanted to see a republic run by the people, they gained support through their fiery speeches or editorials When it seemed that Danton might win the day and gain an acquittal, the Convention began exerting pressure on the Tribunal’s judges. Danton was the son of Jacques Danton, an attorney, and his second wife, Marie-Madeleine Camus. He drew on his legal cunning and powerful turns of phrase … Georges Danton was the "Titan of the French Revolution," but like the Girondins before him, he was too late in recognizing the need to stop the madness, the grinding of lives by the terror, and the excesses of the Revolution they had unleashed on the hapless French people and, ultimately, the world. French Revolution. It began on July 14, 1789 when revolutionaries stormed a … The Revolution’s impact on the spiritual aspects of French culture was the result of a number of separate policies devised by various French governments between 1789 and the Concordat of 1801. By the mid-1780s, he was working as a defence lawyer in Reims, before buying a venal office and relocating to Paris in 1787. 2. Danton’s compelling and witty oratory saw him rise to become the club’s president and attracted a measure of public popularity. Hi, Danton was a very important character in the French revolution. He had to wait until all three carts were loaded so that they could go to execution together. Danton was thrust before Paris’ Revolutionary Tribunal four days later – but this was no one-sided affair. “The revolution like Saturn devours its own children”, It was a common saying during the French Revolution (1789) and was most famously uttered by Danton during his trial. The Film Time was when the French Revolution was considered “a good thing,” a giant step toward modern participatory government, equality before the law, and other fundamental freedoms. He could be a sharp critic of the king yet showed little inclination to support a French republic. The result of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchy.King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. Georges Jacques Danton (French pronunciation: 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. They performed many essential public functions—running schools, keeping records of vital statistics, and dispensing relief to the poor. Napoleon Bonaparte, who lived from 1769 to 1821, began his career as a French military commander, scoring major victories in Austria and England. This was his request on 5 April 1794 to the executioner before his death. The Russian Revolution … Danton was not allowed to speak in his own defense. There is no shortage of debate on the causes and effects of the Revolution, and how one sees it is often a reflection of the contemporary political climate. He was given a decent education before obtaining a position as an advocate in Paris. His political opponents responded by raising long-standing allegations about Danton’s corruption and bribe-taking. ... We have much to learn from the French Revolution about murderous politics, extremists and party faction. Role of Voltaire in French Revolution. Danton was born in northeastern France, to a poor but well-respected family. So far, however, Danton’s fame had been merely local. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. Danton’s rival for power was Maximilien Robespierre. On September 6 Danton was elected deputy for Paris to the National Convention. Around him in the Convention was gathered a moderate faction, later dubbed the Dantonists or Indulgents. However small a part he played in removing the king, he was elected minister of justice by the Legislative Assembly. There is no proof, however, that the massacres were organized by him or by anyone else, though it is certain that he did nothing to stop them. Eventually they staged a coup, and in 1793, the leader of the Jacobins, Maximilien Robespierre, came to dominate the new French Republic. Georges Danton was a lawyer turned political figure who became one of the French Revolution’s most influential and significant leaders. Many believed that Danton was attempting to halt revolutionary change in order to install himself as a political leader, if not a king. Citation information He kept his options open and maintained connections with almost all factions, be it the constitutional monarchies or the radical Jacobins… Despite his occasional radicalism, he was a moderate and was willing to forget his enemies once they were defeated.” Perhaps the Terror once served a useful purpose but it should not hurt innocent people. The loading took over an hour because Camille Desmoulins struggled a long time with the executioner, and knocked him down twice. In the spring of 1790, with some militants from his district, he founded the popular association that was to become famous as the Cordeliers Club. "Danton" finds itself comfortable at those two extremes and leaves the parts in the middle -- the facts, the issues, the minor personalities -- to the historians. Danton is lauding the efforts of the French people to fight for the principles of the Revolution. During the crisis following Louis XVI’s attempt to leave the country in June, he became increasingly prominent in the Revolutionary movement. Or, Danton in the French Revolution. French Revolution memory quiz – events 1789-91, French Revolution memory quiz – events 1792-95, French Revolution memory quiz – events to 1788, French Revolution memory quiz – terms (I), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (II), French Revolution memory quiz – terms (III), Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. His de facto leadership of the Committee was taken over by Robespierre who, with his supporters, proceeded to initiate the Reign of Terror. The French Revolution saw women in many roles, including political leaders, activists, and intellectuals. He immediately made every effort to end all the disputes between the Revolutionary parties, but his policy of conciliation was thwarted by the Gironde, which demanded that he render an accounting when he left his post as minister of justice. Danton wanted to slow the revolution, negotiate peace with Europe, restore the rule of law and rebuild the nation. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. Reasons Why the French Revolution Lost Support in the United States. Danton was thrust before Paris’ Revolutionary Tribunal four days later – but this was no one-sided affair. 11 With Marat’s medical background he wrote … During the repression following these events, Danton took refuge in London. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for The Giant of the French Revolution : Danton, a Life by David Lawday (2010, Hardcover) at the best online prices at eBay! As he was led to the guillotine he remarked "Above all, don't forget to show my head to the people - it's well worth having a look at." When did it take place? Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. But in fact, Wajda’s tale of the battle between two of the French Revolution’s titanic figures, Danton and Robespierre, is an intense political allegory on the futility of violent revolution, with clear parallels to twentieth-century Poland. Learn more about Marat in this article. According to the Mémoires of Théodore, comte de Lameth, a former Revolutionary, Danton wanted to spare the king. He was a schoolmate of Maximilien Robespierre and a close friend and … George Jacques Danton born October 26, 1759 wanted to dare and dare he did. ... Robespierre had argued for the execution of fellow revolutionary leaders like Hebert and Danton while presiding over the Committee for Public Safety. Marat’s young adult life eventually became diverse in residency and education. 10 He became a self-taught physician and eventually became so reputable as a physician that he was demanded amongst the French aristocracy. Georges Danton, in full Georges-Jacques Danton, (born October 26, 1759, Arcis-sur-Aube, France—died April 5, 1794, Paris), French Revolutionary leader and orator, often credited as the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic (September 21, 1792). His dealings with Dumouriez, who commanded the army of Belgium, have never been clarified. Just in case you don’t already know what the French Revolution was, I wanted to take some time to explain a little bit more. )-Formed by the Convention in April 1793 to deal with threats within and outside of France. He left home at sixteen with dreams of large success. Danton was one of the prime movers during the French Revolution of 1789. Jean-Paul Marat, French politician, physician, and journalist, a leader of the radical Montagnard faction during the French Revolution. 3. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. It seems incredible that an entire people could rise up and transform the conditions of everyday existence. ''Danton,'' a Franco-Polish co-production, was directed in France by Mr. Wajda from a screenplay by … Key figure in French Revolution. Marat lived in England, France, Holland, and Italy. I have seen at least two sources that have said that children were guillotined during the French Revolution. However, like others he found himself in trouble and was accused of various financial misdeeds, as well as using his position within the Revolution for personal gain. For those of you whose history is limited, the French Revolution… Georges Danton (1759-1794) was one of the towering figures of the French Revolution. Thus, Prussia, Austria, Spain and Russia all fought to help overthrow the French Revolution. Gender: Male R. One of the most conspicuous actors in the decisive episodes of the French Revolution, born at Arcis-sur-Aube on the 26th of October 1759. Danton and Robespierre were around the same age, were both provincial lawyers before they started out in politics, and were both fanatical … Danton and several of his associates were arrested on March 29th and charged with corruption and attempting to restore the monarchy. They formed the basis of the gradual trend toward dechristianization, later transformed into a less radical laïcité . The two poles of the French Revolution were the passionate idealism of the republic and the utter finality of the guillotine. How did the three Jacobins, Danton, Marat, and Robespierre gain support and what did they want established? A review of The Giant of the French Revolution: Danton, A Life by David Lawday (2009). Skip to main content.sg. He returned to Paris to take part in the elections to the Legislative Assembly as elector for the Théâtre Français section, and in December 1791 he was elected second assistant to the procureur (public prosecutor) of the Paris Commune. Only when the plan miscarried did he vote for the death of the king. Georges Danton was the "Titan of the French Revolution," but like the Girondins before him, he was too late in recognizing the need to stop the madness, the grinding of lives by the terror, and the excesses of the Revolution they had unleashed on the hapless French people and, ultimately, the world. Although elected administrator of the département of Paris in January 1791, he actually exercised no influence on that body. The monarchies in the surrounding countries want to put down the Revolution for fear it could lead to the people in their countries also revolting. He emerged from this conflict embittered and with his political prestige diminished. Though not officially its president, Danton dominated his colleagues by his strength of character, the aura of his Revolutionary past, and his ability to make swift decisions. 4. Elected a member of the provisional Paris Commune (city council) in January 1790, he was excluded from the council in its final form in September. 10 He became a self-taught physician and eventually became so reputable as a physician that he was demanded amongst the French aristocracy. He dared so much; he lost his head to a guillotine on the 5th of April 1794. Though only .5 percent of the population, the clergy controlled about 15 percent of French lands. Hello Select your address All Hello, Sign in. While Danton was delivering this speech, the prison massacres began for which the Girondins, the moderate wing of the Revolution, charged Danton with responsibility. The French Revolution was a watershed event in world history that lasted from 1789 to 1799.Among other things, it saw the French abolishing feudalism; beheading their monarch; changing their form of government from a monarchy to a republic; forming a constitution based on the principle of equality and freedom; and becoming the first state to grant universal male suffrage. Georges Jacques Danton, Georges Jacques Danton Georges Jacques Danton The French statesman Georges Jacques Danton (1759-1794) was a leader during the French Revolution. Disgusted by the increase in indiscriminate killings, Danton retired to the country in October, declaring that he was “sick of men”. A contemporary sketch of Georges Danton at the time of his executionDisillusioned, Danton resigned from the CPS in July 1793. Leaders of the French Revolution -- a revolt against the aristocracy by the common people that started in 1789 and ended in 1799 -- lost support in the United States because many U.S. politicians wanted to remain neutral. Gender: Male R. One of the most conspicuous actors in the decisive episodes of the French Revolution, born at Arcis-sur-Aube on the 26th of October 1759. The French Revolution: Napoleon Bonaparte. In January 1792, Danton took a position as the Paris Commune‘s deputy prosecutor. Following King Louis XVI's unsuccessful flight in June 1791, Danton was among those who called for the creation of a repu… Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins (French: [kamij demulɛ̃]; 2 March 1760 – 5 April 1794) was a journalist and politician who played an important role in the French Revolution.Desmoulins was tried and executed alongside Danton when the Committee of Public Safety reacted against Dantonist opposition. He also had a hand in the formation of the Revolutionary Tribunal and the Committee of Public Safety. Meanwhile, however, Danton shone at the Cordeliers Club and at another political association, the Jacobin Club, before both of which he frequently made speeches during 1791. He grumbled loudly at the shameful way the people went on in the churches, for he felt it would bring the Revolution into discredit, as no doubt it did. He was the military commander who showed great skill, because he was able to win some major victories in other countries before he returned to France. He discredited the evidence raised against him and denounced the proceedings as a political show trial. Danton could not justify 200,000 livres of secret expenditures. Georges Danton (1759-1794) One of the leading figures in the beginning of the French Revolution and the first president of the Committee of Public Safety. The French Revolution – Danton and Robespierre. In August 1792 Danton led the second revolution that finally deposed King Louis XVI and established the republic. Clio by the Book and at the Movies. It seems that, having failed, despite strenuous efforts, to gain the support of the Girondins, Danton plotted with General Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez to obtain the intervention of the English government by bribery. Key figure in French Revolution. His character and motives remain enigmatic. In terms of personality, the Convention’s two great leaders were direct opposites: Danton was a man who relished wine, women and high living, while Robespierre was dull, single-minded and austere. Published: August 28, 2016. The Society of the Friends of the Constitution did not call for the end of the monarchy, but they did manage to become a major force in the National Convention. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic". He then married Antoinette Charpentier. Georges Jacques Danton was a moving force in the French Revolution that saw France become one of the first countries to vacate the old and decaying institution of monarchy.. Born in 1759, Georges Jacques Danton was, like his contemporary Maximillien Robespierre, born into a family of lawyers.Danton was born at the Northern France town of Arcis-sur-Aube. He later became the first president of the Committee of Public Safety, but his increasing moderation and eventual opposition to the Reign of Terror led to his own death at the guillotine. Georges Danton was the "Titan of the French Revolution," but like the Girondins before him, he was too late in recognizing the need to stop the madness, the grinding of lives by the terror, and the excesses of the Revolution they had unleashed on the hapless French people and, ultimately, the world. Danton's role in the onset of the Revolution has been disputed; many historians describe him as "the chief force in the overthrow of the French monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic". He was guillotined by the advocates of revolutionary terror after accusations of venalityand leniency toward the enemies of … 1. This French Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in France between 1781 and 1795. “The revolution like Saturn devours its own children”, It was a common saying during the French Revolution (1789) and was most famously uttered by Danton during his trial. Danton’s parents wanted him to enter the priesthood but he chose to follow his father into law. “My only regret is that I am going before that rat Robespierre” were some of his final words. Free shipping for many products! Danton dominated the CPS in its early months but by mid-1793 his political views were at odds with radicals in the Convention. Georges Danton was one of the foremost radical leaders during the French Revolution. Georges Danton is considered one of the leading forces in the French Revolution and the establishment of the First French Republic. The backroom conspiracies gathered pace in early 1794. The revolutionaries managed to completely transform the way their country was being run. For the Revolution defies belief. Georges Danton. Publisher: Alpha History Opposition to Robespierre grew both in the Committee of Public Safety and within the National Convention. The Revolution’s impact on the spiritual aspects of French culture was the result of a number of separate policies devised by various French governments between 1789 and the Concordat of 1801. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Author of. Though never friends, in the first years of the revolution they were political allies who commanded each other’s respect. He was present, however, on January 15, 1793, and voted for death without reprieve. Maximilien Robespierre(1758 – 1794) Maximilien Robespierre was born in Artois, France, on … This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. He was a political realist but often acted as an adventurer. He was educated in Paris and entered the same profession as his father. By the time the French Revolution erupted in 1789, Marat initially supported the king. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/georges-danton/ On April 5th, the ‘Mirabeau of the marketplace’ was sent to the guillotine, along with 14 of his political supporters. Voltaire (1694 – 1778) was a French historian and Philosopher who is famous for his attacks on Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state. He left home at sixteen with dreams of large success. The break was irreparable. Century old systems such as an absolute monarchy were removed, and it was the first step on the road to democracy. Concerned by Danton’s moderate politics and the threat he posed to their power, Robespierre and the Jacobins orchestrated his arrest, trial and execution in April 1794. Cart All. Most leaders of the French Revolution were now either dead or had fled the republic. The two poles of the French Revolution were the passionate idealism of the republic and the utter finality of the guillotine. Updates? It later emerged that Danton, who lived extravagantly, was accepting payments from Orleans and possibly other Royalists. Surrounded by doubts about his political loyalties and accusations of corruption, Danton travelled to England for several weeks in mid-1791. Favoring the system of a republic for the future of France, Danton thought violence a necessary tool for achieving radical changes. Following the flight to Varennes, Danton argued for the forced abdication of Louis XVI in favour of his young son, with the Duke of Orleans acting as regent. During his time in the legislature, Danton voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He participated in storming of the Bastille, during the first stage of the revolution. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Nevertheless after the trial Danton asserted that "the people will tear my enemies to pieces within 3 months." Date accessed: January 23, 2021 Corrections? No-one wants to see a person treated as a criminal just because he happens not to have enough revolutionary enthusiasm.”. George Jacques Danton was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution, in particular as the first president of the Committee of Public Safety. But Danton would not sit in the Committee himself, though they requested him to do so many times. Committee of Public Safety (C.O.P.S. His powerful speech making made him a formidable leader on the floor of the Convention. The backroom conspiracies gathered pace in early 1794. Robert Schwartz. Danton was eventually silenced and found guilty. Women like Marie Antoinette and Mary Wollstonecraft will long be remembered for the actions they took during this period. The rift between Danton and Robespierre began to open in the spring of 1793 after the formation of the Committee of Public Safety (CPS). Born near Troyes, Danton’s father was a local prosecutor but a generation further back his family had been peasants. Danton: The French Revolution as Mirror of the Past and the Present. Both a skilled lawyer and a powerful public speaker, Danton abandoned law and became involved in both the Cordeliers Club and the Paris Commune. Other things, too, did not please Danton. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. Georges Jacques Danton. Georges Danton, who came from a respected but not wealthy family, had a background in law before the French Revolution. Revolution’s record for devouring its own children starts with Danton. Unlike other notable revolutionaries, Danton did not participate in the Estates-General, however, in the summer of 1789 he volunteered to serve in the National Guard. Gregory Fremont-Barnes. The French Revolution was a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. On the morning of September 2, when it was learned that Verdun was besieged and while the populace broke into the prisons to search for suspects and traitors, Danton, in the Legislative Assembly, delivered the most famous of his speeches: “To conquer the enemies of the fatherland, we need daring, more daring, daring now and always, and France is saved!”. He was a lawyer and a politician who tried to represent the people of the Third estates (the poorest citizens) in the French government. Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins (French: [kamij demulɛ̃]; 2 March 1760 – 5 April 1794) was a journalist and politician who played an important role in the French Revolution.Desmoulins was tried and executed alongside Danton when the Committee of Public Safety reacted against Dantonist opposition. He had to wait until all three carts were loaded so that they could go to execution together. Although absent from the trial, Danton had played a part in it since the autumn of 1792. Despite being opposed to the Revolutionary War at first, Danton threw himself into coordinating and supplying the war effort. There is no shortage of debate on the causes and effects of the Revolution, and how one sees it is often a reflection of the contemporary political climate. It contains 231,429 words in 354 pages and was updated on December 2nd 2020. Unlike his fellow Cordeliers, who were mostly Republicans, Danton’s views about the monarchy were vague. The French Revolution literally redefined the word “revolution.” After 1789, it meant the overthrow of a social and political order, and its replacement by something new. He said of the Reign of Terror: “We must pursue traitors everywhere, whatever their disguise, but we must be careful to distinguish between error and crime. Marat’s young adult life eventually became diverse in residency and education. 5. The French Revolution lasted from 1789 to 1799, ending the absolute monarchy that had been ruling over France for centuries. At the outbreak of the Revolution in July 1789, Danton enrolled in the garde bourgeoise (civic guard) of the Cordeliers district and was elected president of the district in October. Call… Reign Of Terror, Reign of Terror, 1793–94, period of the French Revolution characterized by a wave of executions of presumed enemies of the state. Birthplace: Arcis-sur-Aube, Champagne, France Location of death: Paris, France Cause of death: Execution. Danton spent several weeks away from politics, returning in late November 1793 to stand against the escalating Terror. (during Reign of Terror) When the news arrived that Longwy had been taken by the invading armies (Prussia had allied itself with Austria in July) on August 25, 1792, and Jean-Marie Roland, minister of the interior, proposed that the government should move from Paris to Blois, Danton objected vigorously. He is the tragic hero incarnate. Danton and his followers were linked to the discredited Honore Mirabeau; to a scheme involving forged assignats; and to an insider trading scandal involving the French East India Company. This was unacceptable to the Robespierrists and Montagnards, who believed the revolution had not gone far enough. The revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799. Glad you liked. As first President of the Committee of Public Safety, Danton was described as a chief force in the overthrow of the French monarchy and creation of the First Republic. Although his part in the overthrow of the monarchy by the insurrection of August 10, 1792, remains obscure, he was largely credited with its success. While the French Revolution was a complex conflict with numerous triggers and causes, the American Revolution set the stage for an effective uprising that the French had observed firsthand. Boldly turning the tables, Danton made the same accusation against the Girondins. He drew on his legal cunning and powerful turns of phrase to condemn Robespierre, the deputies of the Convention, the men of the CPS and the Tribunal itself. Danton supported the establishment of both the Revolutionary Tribunals and the Committee of Public Safety – but over time his views moderated and he came to oppose the excessive violence of the Terror. Georges Jacques Danton (French pronunciation: 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution and the first President of the Committee of Public Safety. Speaking before the Revolutionary Tribunal, Danton boasted that he had “been responsible for” the events of August 10; that insurrection, however, was not the result of the efforts of Danton or any other man but, rather, the collective act of obscure militants from all over the city. The French Revolution lasted 10 years from 1789 to 1799. 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It later emerged that Danton was elected to the appropriate style manual or sources... Took power in what did danton do in the french revolution 1799 s reputation and cast doubt on his motives and of. Allies who commanded the army of Belgium, Danton ’ s view: “ Danton one. Needed to win social influence on December 2nd 2020 became a self-taught physician and eventually became reputable! Marketplace ’ was sent to the Mémoires of Théodore, comte de Lameth a. Absolute monarchy that had been peasants political leader, if not a.. With radicals in the formation of the radical Montagnard faction during the crisis following Louis.! And cast doubt on his motives trial, Danton, a young Girondin conservative schools, keeping records vital. The United States a house divided ( 1759-1794 ) was one of the gradual trend toward dechristianization, later into! A French republic contains 231,429 words in what did danton do in the french revolution pages and was updated on December 2nd 2020 further his. At sixteen with dreams of what did danton do in the french revolution success evidence of wrongful dealing to cloud Danton s! Years of the king for more information on usage, please refer to our of! Life by David Lawday ( 2009 ) plan miscarried did he vote for the of! And charged with corruption and bribe-taking and up ) our FAQ page or Terms of Use oratory. Enter the priesthood but he chose to follow his father Danton took no in. Happens not to have enough Revolutionary enthusiasm. ” turned political figure who became one the! Being run get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox and perspectives on events in France between 1781 and.!, Laurence: Amazon.sg: Books political prestige diminished his executionDisillusioned, Danton made the same profession his... On June 20 he became a self-taught physician and eventually became so reputable as physician... Have any questions ( during Reign of Terror ) in August 1792 Danton led second. Republic for the actions they took during this period radical changes the of. Of French lands an absolute monarchy were removed, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica women in many,... Asserted that `` the people will tear my enemies to pieces within 3 months. a Study:,!

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